Ho sibolloa ha polyurethane [PU] ho qalile ka selemo sa 1937 ke Otto Bayer le basebetsi-'moho le eena laboratoring ea IG Farben e Leverkusen, Jeremane.Mesebetsi ea pele e ne e shebane le lihlahisoa tsa PU tse fumanoeng ho aliphatic diisocyanate le diamine e etsang polyurea, ho fihlela thepa e khahlisang ea PU e fumanoeng ho aliphatic diisocyanate le glycol, e phethahala.Polyisocyanates e ile ea fumaneha khoebong ka selemo sa 1952, nakoana kamora hore tlhahiso ea khoebo ea PU e bonahale (kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše) ho tsoa ho toluene diisocyanate (TDI) le polyester polyols.Lilemong tse latelang (1952-1954), mekhoa e fapaneng ea polyester-polyisocyanate e ile ea hlahisoa ke Bayer.
Li-polyester polyols butle-butle li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke li-polyether polyols ka lebaka la melemo ea tsona e mengata joalo ka litšenyehelo tse tlase, ho ts'oaroa habonolo, le botsitso bo ntlafalitsoeng ba hydrolytic ho feta ea pele.Poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), e ile ea hlahisoa ke DuPont ka 1956 ka polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, e le polyether polyol ea pele e fumanehang khoebong.Hamorao, ka 1957, BASF le Dow Chemical li ile tsa hlahisa polyalkylene glycols.E ipapisitse le PTMG le 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), le ethylene diamine, faeba ea Spandex e bitsoang Lycra e hlahisitsoe ke Dupont.Ka lilemo tse mashome, PU e ile ea fumana mangolo ho tloha ho PU foams (1960) ho ea ho PU foams e thata (polyisocyanurate foams-1967) e le lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tse fofang, li-polyether polyols, le polymeric isocyanate tse kang poly methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) li ile tsa fumaneha.Liforomo tsena tsa PMDI tse thehiloeng ho PU li bonts'itse khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso le ho lieha ha lelakabe.
Ka 1969, theknoloji ea PU Reaction Injection Molding [PU RIM] e ile ea hlahisoa e ileng ea tsoela pele ho Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding [RRIM] e hlahisa lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa PU tseo ka 1983 li ileng tsa hlahisa koloi ea pele ea 'mele ea polasetiki United States.Ka bo-1990, ka lebaka la tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea likotsi tsa ho sebelisa chloro-alkanes joalo ka li-agent tse fokang (Montreal protocol, 1987), li-agent tse ling tse 'maloa li ile tsa tšolleloa' marakeng (mohlala, carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluoropropane).Ka nako e ts'oanang, theknoloji ea ho roala lipakete tse peli tsa PU, PU-polyurea e ile ea kenella papaling ea pele, e neng e na le melemo e meholo ea ho se tsotelle mongobo ka ts'ebetso e potlakileng.Eaba ho hlahisa leano la tšebeliso ea oli ea meroho e thehiloeng polyols bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea PU.Kajeno, lefats'e la PU le tsoa hole ho tsoa ho li-hybrids tsa PU, li-composites tsa PU, PU e seng isocyanate, e nang le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng libakeng tse fapaneng tse fapaneng.Lithahasello ho PU li ile tsa hlaha ka lebaka la mokhoa o bonolo oa ho kopanya le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso, li-reactants tse bonolo (tse fokolang) le thepa e phahameng ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.Likarolo tse tsoelang pele li fana ka tlhaloso e khuts'oane ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse hlokahalang ho PU synthesis hammoho le k'hemistri e akaretsang e amehang tlhahisong ea PU.
Phatlalatso:Sengoliloeng se qotsitsoe © 2012 Sharmin le Zafar, ba nang le lengolo la tumello InTech.Feela bakeng sa puisano le ho ithuta, u se ke ua etsa merero e meng ea khoebo, ha e emele maikutlo le maikutlo a k'hamphani, haeba u hloka ho hatisa hape, ka kopo ikopanye le mongoli oa pele, haeba ho na le tlōlo ea molao, ka kopo ikopanye le rona hang-hang ho etsa ts'ebetso ea ho hlakola.